Adolescents need more calories than adults of the same size as they continue to grow and grow both internally and externally. There are three eating disorders that can have a serious impact on the health and happiness of adolescents, including obesity / overweight, anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Each is serious for different reasons and must be addressed to address the physiological and psychological aspects of this disorder.
Adolescents often have poor eating habits, making them vulnerable to the nutrients they need. The most common are calcium, zinc and iron, but there are some vitamins and minerals that teens just don't get enough of either. Follow the typical American teenager for a full day and you may be taken to visit a fast food restaurant in the area. They celebrate big burgers, greased with greens and slices of pizza that can account for more than 1/3 of their daily calories.
In fact, teens who are suddenly "going" vegetarian may not have the right nutrients because they don't know how to balance the food they eat, and may only eat one group of foods at a time. A teenage vegetarian reportedly lives on macaroni and cheese and some fruit, causing her mother to take her to a doctor. The girl lacks a large amount of micronutrients among other health concerns. Not only does the girl need some supplements to restore her health, she also needs lessons in proper nutrition. It is a myth that vegetarians and vegans do not get enough nutrition: if they eat a variety of foods and are balanced, they gain everything that their body needs to be healthy and strong, including protein (Source: Vegetarian Society).
The number of overweight US teenagers has tripled in recent years from about 5% in 1980 to over 17% in 2004. These teenagers are more than twice as likely to be overweight or obese than their peers. -that they are in 14 other industrialized countries and are prone to poor health, with higher incidence of hypertension, cholesterol problems and Type II Diabetes (Source: Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2008)
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia is most commonly seen in young women, although it can affect anyone of the age and of both sexes. It is thought to be due to emotional, psychological and social factors of physical motivation. There have been studies that show that anorexia has multiple progeny and that it is statistically more common in women who are born premature or in those who experience trauma during difficult births (Source: Carlson, 2008).
Anorexia is very serious with less than 50% of patients undergoing full recovery. Five to ten percent of girls treated for anorexia will die from complications of their disease or from suicide. Most anesthetics cause osteoporosis and are at high risk for serious bone fractures that may never be fully healed due to the lack of nutrition to do so. They also tend to stop menstruation and may experience hair loss, weakness, brittle nails and dry skin. More seriously, they tend to have larger hearts and declining brain tissue. They are often obsessed with exercise, encouraging them to continue exercising even when they are not eating at all. As they continue to push themselves, they begin to break down muscle tissue to burn as energy, leading to fat loss.
Bulimia
Bulimics take turns eating large amounts of food (binge) and then throwing it away (cleaning) in a cycle where they lose control. Bulimics are trapped in this cycle and will find new ways to make themselves vomit long after they have lost their gag reflex and will also abuse their digestive system, possibly leading to loss of sphincter control as well. Women are ten times more likely to develop bulimia than men (Source: Carlson, 2008)
In addition to loss of genital reflexes, protection mechanisms in the throat and loss of intestinal muscle control from prolonged laxative use, bulimics tend to erode the enamel of their teeth, scar them with constant vomiting and cause other physical damage, including, irregular heartbeat. and the possibility of an upset stomach. Bulimics can also develop anorexia nervosa if they are not treated immediately.
Addressing Nutrition Needs
The average teenage girl needs around 2200 calories a day with the average teenage boy needing a little more than this. Before teens start to get obsessed with their weight and body image, it's important to determine what their weight and calorie intake needs. The right amount of fat, protein and carbohydrates should be included in this amount and should be discussed with teens so that they feel like they have control over their own health and nutrition. Help them understand the importance of each macronutrient and how to make the best choices for each one.
Fat
While teens (and adults) who are concerned about their weight may try to avoid the word "fat" it should be understood that a healthy source of fat is actually beneficial and should be included in a healthy diet, even for those who are trying to lose weight. Fat should make up 15-20% of your daily calories and should be healthy, including a single unsaturated fat such as olive oil. Adolescents should learn to avoid unsaturated and saturated fats and trans fats in their diet, especially if they are at high risk for high cholesterol and heart disease.
Carbohydrates
Another word chronic diet dislikes is that carbohydrates are needed for a healthy diet because they are a source of energy that the body is developing early on. It is a myth that all carbohydrates are created equal: carbohydrates burn quickly and cause the body to go into sugar panic mode, store large amounts of sugar and not burn any fuel. Complex carbohydrates as found in breads and vegetables overall take longer for the body to break and do not cause any sugar spike. Foods break down into glucose for energy and glycogen for storage and there is no flood of insulin to cause excess savings and weight gain.
Adolescents need to learn about the differences between simple and complex carbohydrates and learn to use the food glycemic index to make their food choices. Complex carbohydrates should make 50-60% of your daily calories.
Protein
Some teens will start a diet and forget that they need a variety of foods to be healthy and strong. They can eat only one food item per day; they might stop eating at all. They should be taught that eating only one meal, even healthy ones, leaves them lacking in the other nutrients they need to be healthy.
Adolescents need to get between 20-35% of their daily calories from protein, a healthier, lower-fat source. These teens can continue to explore vegetarianism while maintaining a healthy amount of protein. For parents who fear that their teens are lacking, there are supplements that provide the right amount of protein and can still be cool and acceptable for teens, even smart people.
Professor, from Protica is a protein supplement that provides 25 grams of protein per hundred calories (perfect as a snack or snack). It also supplies vitamin C and vitamin B complexes and comes in a fruit flavor that can appeal to teens.
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